Abstract

Pollinators play a crucial role in maintaining the health and sustainability of ecosystems by facilitating the reproductive processes of a vast array of flowering plants. This chapter explores the profound impact that pollinators ranging from insects like bees, butterflies, and beetles to birds, bats, and other animals have on biodiversity, food security, and overall ecosystem services. With over 75% of flowering plants dependent on animal-mediated pollination, the loss or decline of pollinator populations could lead to significant disruptions in both natural and agricultural systems. This chapter outlines the diverse types of pollinators, their ecological roles, and the mechanisms of pollination that support ecosystem resilience. It also highlights the economic and environmental contributions of pollinators to agriculture, ensuring food security by enhancing crop yields and quality. However, pollinator populations face numerous threats, including habitat loss, pesticide exposure, climate change, and diseases. These challenges have dire implications not only for biodiversity but also for ecosystem services essential to human well-being. To mitigate these threats, effective conservation strategies are necessary. By preserving pollinator health, we ensure the long-term resilience of ecosystems and the many services they provide to humanity.