Abstract

The global need for effective, high-performance, and sustainable energy storage systems has resulted in substantial advances in materials chemistry, particularly for electrochemical energy storage technologies. This chapter provides the detailed review of the fundamentals governing electrochemical energy storage, followed by an in-depth exploration of advanced materials used in devices such as batteries and supercapacitors. The study prioritizes the role of nanostructured, two-dimensional, hybrid, and bimetallic materials in enhancing energy density, power output, and long-term stability. Strategies for material design, synthesis, and performance optimization are discussed alongside the challenges and forthcoming development in the field. Applications covering small-scale electronics to utility-scale systems are also addressed, highlighting the real-world impact of materials innovations in electrochemical energy storage.