Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, and progressive cartilage destruction. While conventional therapies, such as corticosteroids, DMARDs, and biologics, have improved disease management, their high cost and adverse effects have driven a resurgence of interest in medicinal plants, particularly from the Oriental region. This chapter explores the phytotherapeutic potential of oriental medicinal flora in mitigating RA pathophysiology through immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory pathways. Integrating molecular pharmacology, traditional knowledge systems, and sustainable bioresource management, this chapter underscores the interdisciplinary bridge between ethnomedicine and modern life sciences.