Abstract

Biomaterials play an important role in the development of novel tissue regeneration, replacement, and repair techniques in the field of biomedical engineering. The design, creation, and characterisation of biomaterials for use in implants, medical devices, and tissue engineering are the main topics of this review. Incorporating vital characteristics like as biocompatibility, mechanical strength, degradability, and biological usefulness is a crucial part of designing biomaterials. Numerous medical applications, including orthopaedic, dental, cardiovascular, and ophthalmic devices, use a variety of biomaterials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Because of their distinct qualities, different kinds of biomaterials are appropriate for particular uses. The properties of biomaterials are characterized and assessed using a variety of methods, such as mechanical testing, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, biological assays, and scanning electron microscopy. These methods offer important new information about the physicochemical, biocompatible, and structural characteristics of biomaterials. Replicating functioning tissues using biomaterials, stem cells, and bioactive compounds is known as tissue engineering, and it is a quickly expanding subject. New developments in the field of biomaterials, including AI-driven material design, 4D bioprinting, and stimuli-responsive biomaterials, are revolutionizing the industry and opening up new avenues for customized medicine. An interdisciplinary approach incorporating knowledge from materials science, biology, medicine, and engineering is necessary for the development of biomaterials. Researchers can create novel approaches for a variety of medical applications by creating biomaterials that can easily interact with human biology.